In this opening scene from the film Shutter Island, we start out with a practically blank screen.
We discover that this is a field of fog as a boat emerges slowly.
From here, we cut into the interior of the boat to find our main character suffering from sea sickness. 
We move into a closer shot where we see the face of Teddy for the first time, reflected in a mirror. The mirror is used a lot throughout the film and can represent the character's mental state as he searches within himself for meaning, and later in the film, searches for his very identity. 
We move back to a wider shot as Teddy's introspection is interrupted by his sickness.
Teddy then turns and loks out of a porthole, and we see the expanse of water through a frame within a frame. We later find that Teddy feels trapped emotionally, and later he is trapped literally on an island, so there is significance in the use of the window and the water that surrounds them (and later the island).
Teddy throws water on himself, perhaps symbiotically trying to wash away his own sins. 
Teddy looks again at himself in the mirror in this medium close up.
In the next shot, we see objects hanging in the foreground that appear to be shackles, drawing the audience into the story by piquing their curiosity as to why the chains and cuffs are even present on the boat.
Teddy emerges from another frame within a frame, adding weight to his emergence from the private space within the boat to the more public space without.
From a POV shot, we see another man on the boat through a fence that could, again, symbolize Teddy's sense of being trapped. The expanse of water beyond the edge of the boat helps to show how isolated the characters are.
From a medium wide shot, we see Teddy approach this other man. The sky is dark and overcast and the colors are muted, adding to the general atmosphere of the story.
We move to a medium 2 shot as Teddy gets closer to the other man and they become more personal with one another.
This shot is followed by a reverse medium wide shot where the audience can again see that the characters are surrounded by water on all sides.
As the two characters get acquainted, we move in a little closer. Notice that the new character is more resolute, standing at the front of the boat, while Teddy is less committed, hanging back slightly and never seeming comfortable within the frame. The other man looks ahead in the direction of travel, while Teddy looks all around and seems nervous.
We move in to an even closer two shot as the space becomes more personal while the two men share details about themselves. 
The other man asks Teddy if he has a girlfriend or a wife, at which point we cut to a flashback. Teddy's wife is seen holding a tie and walking across the floor to him.
Here, her bare feet show that she is relaxed and comfortable in the environment as she approaches Teddy from behind.
In this two shot, the characters are comfortable and balanced and the lighting is very warm and soft, giving a sense of serenity and happiness.
We move in even closer to see the peaceful and happy expression on her face.
Suddenly, reality comes crashing back in like the waves of the sea and we cut to a dark shot of churning sea water and return to the previous location.
Here, Teddy is isolated and framed alone as he remembers his wife and seems to be contemplative, his eyes set just above the horizon line. Also, Teddy is looking in the direction opposite of the direction of travel of the boat, back into the past and his memories, and also in the direction where his wife was located in the previous flashback.
After Teddy gathers himself, we move back to a wider shot so as to include the other character.
The two men speak for a while and we move back and forth between two medium closeups.
We cut to the mysterious and foreboding titular island as it looms threateningly in the distance in this very wide shot. The lighting frames up the island nicely and its placement on the upper third makes it seem imposing.
When the captain of the boat arrives to speak with the men, he is set lower in the frame than the other two men because he is less important to the plot. 
We move back to a more isolated Teddy as he seems to think about what may lie ahead on the island.
And finally, we cut to a POV from the boat as the landing dock nears, marking the end of the boat ride. The overwhelming mass of green foliage in the background makes the island seem exotic and dangerous, and the people on the dock are tiny and insignificant. 
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